The words populace, populous, populus sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Why do populace, populous, populus sound the same even though they are completely different words?
The answer is simple: populace, populous, populus are homophones of the English language.
The general public; the masses.
A population.
Containing many people or inhabitants; having a large population.
A genus of dicotyledonous trees of the order Salicineæ, including the poplar and aspen, having diœcious flowers in catkins without floral envelops, and distinguished from Salix, the willow, by the numerous ovules, obliquely lengthened and cup-shaped disks, broad and toothed bracts, loosely flowered and generally pendulous catkins, and broad leaves.
Definitions from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition, from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia and Wordnik.
Homophones (literally "same sound") are usually defined as words that share the same pronunciation, regardless of how they are spelled.
If they are spelled the same then they are also homographs (and homonyms); if they are spelled differently then they are also heterographs (literally "different writing").